There Can Only Be One

A definitive guide to G.O.A.T. debates

Growing up and living in Pittsburgh, the most disappointing news of 2021 so far is that Tom Brady is officially the GOAT.  We live in a world of acronyms, but I think G.O.A.T, short for “Greatest of All Time”, is my absolute favorite.  I love the Merriam-Webster definition of greatness.

“The quality or state of being great”

It is such an elusive, imprecise term.  If you tried to use such loosey-goosey language in an engineering drawing or a courtroom or any of our day jobs, you’d quickly be shown the door.  But we know greatness when we see it, and the zeitgeist turns on it.  It’s not the only word like this.  Love, liberty, and happiness are some more serious examples. 

It’s the combination of imprecision and obviousness that makes the subject so fun.  It’s a feeling you get when you’re in the presence of it.  Greatness is particularly fun in sports because you get to watch it happen in real-time, like getting the chance to witness Da Vinci paint or Edison invent the light bulb.

It’s beautiful and it almost comes off as high-minded appreciation for a second, but the G in GOAT does not stand for “Greatness”, but for “Greatest”.  It’s a zero-sum game to have the most of this ill-defined quality.  It’s competitive.  It’s petty.

The GOAT debate being both subjective and relative allows for never-ending arguments, crazy hot takes, and must-watch TV.  In most of our serious endeavors this kind of journalism, and subsequent barstool debates, are at best a waste of time, and at worst tearing apart the fabric of our society.  But in sports, it’s the best thing ever! 

APPLES TO ORANGES

The back end of the problem statement, OAT, has us making these comparisons across generations.  It’s not the greatest this season. It’s not the greatest of the decade.  No, it’s “of all time”, the ultimate prize.  We are forced to compare players in different eras who never played each other, making the debate even more fun!

Of course, we all bring our generational biases to this, especially for close calls.   Boomers generally stand with Michael Jordan and millennials on team Lebron.  Greatness is a feeling in the witness.  It’s a relationship to the great one that often develops in early childhood.  So we stand with our generation, sometimes even in service of absurd positions.  I’ve met New Yorkers who will make GOAT claims for Derek Jeter, and there’s a particular age group that played NBA 2k8 and thinks Kobe should be in the discussion. 

The generational biases balance themselves out nicely for the most part, with an exception. The real losers are the distant past players who have few living advocates.  Their accomplishments stand, but few witnesses who felt it do.  For that reason, of all time often becomes of the “modern era”.  Though there are some cases, most notably Babe Ruth, where a player was so incredible that the stories and the feeling do live on, and even 100 years later they can remain in the conversation.

EVALUATING THE INEFFABLE

As we dive into this pointless barstool debate, we attempt to measure our nebulous feeling of greatness, to find the greatest.  It’s often easy to tell who that player in any generation is.  They are extreme outliers, winning far more and statistically dominating everyone else in the game at the time.  A big exception is in tennis where we have had multiple GOAT candidates play at the same time, Federer and Nadal.  They frequently went head-to-head, making comparisons “easier” for us.  Bird and Magic had this kind of vibe going in 1980s basketball too.  This is a real treat, and usually produces some of the most iconic sporting events of all time.  If you see it coming get the popcorn ready!

Same era or not, we usually end up with a handful of players in each sport who are clearly a class of their own.  Their greatness is self-evident.  They have fans who know with certainty that they are the GOAT and will never be convinced otherwise.  Parsing out who is really the greatest from this special group is the hard part.

The way most of us measure relative greatness here is the gap between a given player and their competition when they played.  For the truly great ones it’s clear they are the best in the league, but we ask “by how much?”  The concept of this gap between your GOAT candidate and the field is simple enough but there are two points of amusing disagreement and confusion here.  A) The relationship between the gap and time and b) how exactly do we measure this gap.

MEASURE THE GAP: TELLING YOUR FAVORITE PLAYER’S STORY

So, by now you’re two beers in and think your favorite player belongs in the GOAT conversation, and it’s time to make your case.  If you have a true outlier, most of the time it’s quite easy to quantify how much better they are than everybody else in their era using stats.  Barry Bonds hit 71 home runs in 2001, which was 9 more than the runner-up.  Perhaps more absurdly, Babe Ruth hit more dingers in 1920 than any other ENTIRE TEAM.  Advanced stats are great for going past the headlines, parsing out the influence of luck, and figuring out who is truly the best.

These elite players often transcend the existing statistical paradigm and change the way the game is played.  A great example of this is Steph Curry as a shooter, who almost single-handedly started the three-point revolution.  He made obsolete the back-to-the-basket big and the concept of a fourth-quarter lead.  Roger Banister did much the same breaking the four-minute mile barrier, which proved to be more psychological than anything else.

All of the above is necessary but not sufficient for a universally respected GOAT claim.  Greatness is felt in the soul of the witness.  It’s an incredible night with the boys, and a story your grandfather tells you.  The great ones are the heroes of that story, and heroes win.  In individual sports, statistical superiority and winning are typically one and the same or close to it.  Usain Bolt and Michael Phelps win by clocking the best times. 

In team sports, it gets murkier, and we have no tolerance for excuses when it comes to winning.  In fact, we have a separate category for players that are statistically and self-evidently excellent but not winning enough.  This is the “best of all time” or B.O.A.T discussion.  Aaron Rodgers and Dan Marino both spent some time in this space in the 2010s and 1980s, respectively.  It’s understood that they are better than their competition, even the best of their era, but they seem to be missing a key ingredient of greatness.

Conversely winning can make up for a lack of complete dominance.  Not that he was ever in the GOAT conversation, but Derek Jeter’s five championships punched him a ticket to New York City immortality.  His teammate, Mariano Rivera, is considered the greatest closer of all time, not just for statistical dominance, but for doing it in the most important games to an iconic song.  They were characters in a tale of glorious victories.

Winning can get pundits talking about character, intangibles, and the “eye test”.  I think some of this is quite unfair and a human failure to capture how much luck plays into winning.  Though some intangibles are legit, and stats don’t always capture the impact of good leadership.  There is no doubt now that Tom Brady is the greatest quarterback of all time, but I can only pick out 2-4 seasons in his long career where he was objectively the “best” one.  His 7 super bowls are a story of grit, preparation, strategic cap moves, leadership, and comeback playoff wins.  Clutch performance is also very real.  Brady’s nemesis, Eli Manning, was at best an average quarterback over his career but played like an all-time great in his two Super Bowl runs.  For that, he will likely go to the hall of fame.

We understand that circumstances have a lot to do with winning, and we don’t view GOAT debates in team sports as a matter of counting up championships, but we do need a story in which the protagonist comes out the victor often.  If they are a clear outlier and a winner, then anything else their barstool advocates can add to the narrative will strengthen a GOAT case.  Jordan getting cut from the high school basketball team comes to mind here.  These juicy plot points typically come in three forms: overcoming extreme adversity, changing how the game is played, and impact beyond the sport. 

My absolute favorite example here is Muhammad Ali, the draft dodger, civil rights leader, and heavyweight champion of the world. At a young age, he was the undisputed champion, and he did it in a fashion in which he toyed with opponents.  Then for refusing to serve in the military or aid the Vietnam war effort in any capacity, he was exiled from boxing for FOUR YEARS from ages 25 to 29, his physical peak!  Then he came back and eventually reclaimed the title, beating Joe Frazier (the second time) and George Forman to do it.

GOAT GRAPH THEORY:  THE GAP VS. TIME

Okay, so now you have an established chasm between your favorite player and their contemporaries, and you have come to a consensus on how to fairly “measure” that separation in relation to the gap your friend’s dumb GOAT pick has achieved.  You have a common story you’re telling about both players and the history of the game.  If you’ve failed to get this far, I suggest grabbing another beer and telling them again how sick the man was in Madden 09 again, they’ll get it! 

If you have come to some agreement, don’t fear.  There is one more interesting wrinkle that will keep the evening of arguments going!  It’s the relationship between the gap and time.  Some players were so clearly the greatest in the game, but only for a very brief period, while others achieve lower heights of greatness over decades.  At this point, the only thing to do is pull out a whiteboard and draw some graphs to get to the bottom of it!  A spreadsheet has entered the chat….

Lebron is clearly the best (remember best ≠ greatest) player in basketball, and that’s probably been the case since he was 18.  He’s been the greatest player since at least 2008 when Kobe Bryant exited his prime, but the gap between him and his contemporaries hasn’t always been wide.  

Kobe did not go quietly and remained at his heels for a few years, and his claim to historical greatness was stymied by a loaded Celtics team and a genuinely bad finals performance against the Mavs in 2011.  Then Steph Curry totally changed the way the game is played forever, won a unanimous MVP, and beat Lebron in a finals over a two-year stretch.  For a brief moment, some commentators entertained whether or not Curry was greater.  In 2016, Lebron put that to rest beating Curry’s Warriors and fulfilling his promise to bring a championship home to Cleveland.  After Curry, it’s been Kevin Durant, James Harden, and Kawhi Leonard all managing to win rings and/or have statistically amazing seasons under Lebron’s reign.

What makes Lebron’s story so incredible is that he’s been doing it for 17 years and counting.  In so many ways this longevity is the crux of his GOAT claim, and the many challenges to his rule only elevate him.  His story is one of flexibility, grit, and beating every new contender to his thrown. 

Like Lebron, Michael Jordan was clearly the best in the game since his second season at least, but he had to wait for Larry Bird and Magic Johnson to age out before really ascending.  After that, he had to overcome the “Bad Boy Pistons” to be universally accepted.  His first seven years of adversity, where he collected scoring titles but was marred by early-round playoff exits, add to his legend now but only because of what happened next.

For six seasons, from 1992-1998, he was the undisputed greatest player in the game, and it was not close.  He was statistically the best on both sides of the ball and racked up a ton of individual awards to prove it.  He was clutch, hitting multiple game-winning shots in the playoffs.  He was a global icon and would launch a billion-dollar shoe brand with his swagger.  His Bulls team won six championships in those years, 6-0, never seeing a game 7 in the finals.  The 1996 bulls may be the best team of all time.

The reason this is so contentious is in the graphs.  The nature of the leads these two achieved over their competition and time was different.  Jordan’s peak was greater, but Lebron did it for way longer and for several different teams.  The math nerds here might say let’s take the integral and get the area under the curve, and I’m so in, but we don’t have units.  Not that we shouldn’t try to make up a subjective greatness score! This final wrinkle should provide you sufficient ammunition to argue your point the rest of the night, and for as long as you live! 

Troubleshooting Extremely Hard Cases

Sometimes you concur on how to measure two players’ greatness, and after hours of deliberation, you’ve agreed on an integration technique.  Yet it’s still too close to call.  So, you shake hands and decide that it’s a tie.  You put a stop to pointless comparisons and resolve to simply appreciate the greatness you get to witness from both players. 

Just kidding! Below are some final tried and true techniques for hard cases.  I think some of these are quite unfair, but at minimum, you should know how to combat them when they are used against you.

Swap shoes and see who would fare better

This works quite well for determining who the best player is, especially for players in the same era.  In this year’s Superbowl, I would claim that if you switched Patrick Mahomes and Tom Brady the outcome would be much the same (Obviously Brady’s resume far surpasses Mahomes in many other places).  Greatness is a story of a career though, not a single timestamp, and ignoring the historical context of those stories is a serious injustice. 

This type of argument is particularly unfair to players from previous eras.  Over time, global access, technology, equipment, and training methods improve.  As a result, new generations are often far better than previous ones.  Standards increase, the rules change, and sometimes entire positions become obsolete.  In today’s game, I’m not sure if Babe Ruth starts on every MLB team, at least not with his training regimen as it was.  He certainly doesn’t get the chance to be a pitcher and an outfielder no matter how much promise he’d show scouts at both positions.

A similar concept is asking “Who would you take in a fantasy draft?”  This runs into the same bias against previous eras.  It also shoots you right back to asking, “over what time span are we drafting for?” and “in what era will they have to play?”

Nitpick Failures 

Generally, you don’t “lose points” for instances where you fail as an athlete, as long as you also succeed and win a lot.  In fact, failure only gets packed into a great one’s legendary tale.  Getting beat by the Detroit Pistons repeatedly only makes it sweeter when Jordan overcomes them.  Tom Brady went 10 years without winning a Superbowl in the middle of his career, but it only adds to his legend that he ended the drought and has now won 4 after turning 36.

Only for very close calls do pundits frequently bring up failures.  It’s widespread in basketball.  Lebron detractors will do this for his 2011 finals performance and Curry haters will do it for his blown 3-1 lead in 2016.  These arguments represent moving the goalposts for the great ones.  With essentially zero exceptions, everyone fails and loses sometimes, and to use those moments to detract from their accomplishments is usually a bad approach.

Bring Up a Scandal

One place where taking failure into account might be fairer is when it comes to ethics.  Allegations of cheating in any form can eliminate you from the GOAT conversation for many fans.  Some of the best baseball players of all time will never enter the hall of fame because they played in the steroid era.

I think it’s important to take a sober approach here.  We should take these on a case-by-case basis, wait until the evidence is in, and try to understand the nuance of the situation.  If we’ve done our homework, I’m happy to eliminate blatant cheaters from the running, and for close calls, it’s more than reasonable to consider who took an unfair edge and who didn’t.

Of course, if the sober approach doesn’t work, I’m sure there is some minor scandal you can use to make your case anyways!  Tom Brady sucks!

PARTING THOUGHTS

You should now have all the tools that you need to have an intelligent discussion about who is the “Greatest of All-Time” in your favorite sports, or to throw out the nuance and cherry-pick your way to victory in your barstool argument!  I wish you luck in either endeavor. 

Just remember that in the end greatness is self-evident.  It’s a feeling in those who were there to witness it, and your favorite player’s GOAT claim depends on how well you can capture their story.

I wrote this piece to see if I could find some clear thinking on one of my favorite subjects, but I also don’t want to punt on answering the hard questions.  You definitely clicked to see who the GOAT is.  Have no fear, in Appendix A below, I have provided the correct answers with explanations for all the major American sports!

APPENDIX A:  THE DEFINITIVE G.O.A.T. IN EACH SPORT

Men’s Basketball

GOAT:  Lebron James

Runner-up: Michael Jordan

Honorable Mentions:  Bill Russel, Kareem Abdul Jabbar, Wilt Chamberlain

In the hunt:  Lebron further solidifying his case

This was so hard, and not just because basketball is my favorite sport, but because it’s so close.  Both players carried the sport for their generations and had impacts far beyond basketball.  I really did a deep dive on this one while I was generating the graphs, and the results of my “calculations” match my intuition.

Lebron is assuredly a better basketball player.  Jordan’s top skill was scoring, and Lebron is better at that while also elevating his teammates like no player in history.  I’m giving Lebron the tiebreaker on greatness for just being better.

If I needed someone for one shot, one quarter, or one game I’ll take Jordan, but for a 7-game series and anything longer give me Lebron.  Certainly, I’d draft Lebron over anyone who has ever lived.  At the end of the day, I think Lebron’s sustained greatness supersedes Jordan’s.  His area under the curve is larger.

I also think the 6-0 trope for Jordan is a bit unfair.  He does get credit for stringing all his winning together, but not as much as his proponents give him.  Lebron’s “failures” are spaced out in his career, and Jordan’s were front-loaded.

Women’s Basketball

GOAT:  Maya Moore

Runner-up: Diana Taurasi

Honorable Mentions:  Lisa Leslie, Cynthia Cooper, Tamika Catchings, Candance Parker

In the hunt:  Brittney Griner

This is also hard!  It’s not even easy to narrow it down to two.  Maya More is the “best winner” with four WNBA titles, two NCAA championships, and an Olympic gold medal.  She then in Jordanesqe fashion walked away from the game in her prime to focus on social justice.

Diana Taurasi has a legit claim.  She is the most prolific scorer in women’s basketball history and it’s not close.  My personal favorite player is Lisa Leslie from my fond memories of the Backyard Basketball video game on the pc.  She gets credit for “building the league” much the way Magic and Bird did.

American Football

GOAT:  Tom Brady

Runner-up:  Lawrence Taylor

Honorable Mentions:  Jim Thorpe, Barry Sanders, Jerry Rice

In the hunt:  Patrick Mahomes

This was not close.  I’d bring up Spygate, but there is no one within spitting distance of Brady to justify it.  The category really should be called the greatest quarterback of all time because it might be the most impactful position in American team sports.

One alternative argument I’ll accept is that the essence of football is violence and that it’s not best embodied by a quarterback, no matter the impact on winning.  All roads there lead to Lawrence Taylor.  Jerry Rice also has a legitimate case for being the most dominant at his position, while also racking up a bunch of Super Bowls.

Baseball

GOAT:  Babe Ruth

Runner-up:  Barry Bonds

Honorable Mentions:  Ted Williams, Willie Mays, Roger Clemens, Cy Young, Satchel Page, Nolan Ryan, Hank Aaron

In the hunt:  Mike Trout

This one was super fun! I was a huge baseball history nerd growing up.  I really like this bleacher report article ranking historic players.  In baseball, it’s appropriate to not put too much weight into team success since it’s such an individual sport.  We do however need to consider clutch playoff performances.

The history of baseball is murky.  One cloud over the game, and our country, is that African Americans were not allowed in the major leagues until Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1947.  He is undoubtedly the most influential player of all time for that.  Negro league stars like Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson (Pittsburgh legend) don’t get a fair shake in the goat conversation.  It’s also hard to fairly evaluate the white players before the 1950s because segregation degraded the competition in the major leagues.

Another difficult period in baseball history is the steroid era in the late 1990s and early 2000s.  This is a hot take, but I am not ready to eliminate steroid era hitters from GOAT contention.  I believe the issue was truly systemic.  Despite knowing about the widespread use of PEDs, the league enabled it by not launching a testing program until 2003.  I may need to do some research and write an article on the issue to develop a strong opinion.  For now, I’m only using steroids to break very close ties.

If you were to eliminate the steroid era and pre-integration players the crown would fall to Willie Mays.  He is in a class of elite all-time hitters and is by advanced stats considered one of the best defensive players of all time.  Astonishingly he also had two years off from baseball to serve in the Korean war.

All that said, Barry Bonds is without a doubt the “best” baseball player of all time.  By the advanced stats, he has the three greatest hitting seasons ever and it’s not close.  He was once intentionally walked with the bases loaded in a playoff game.  He holds the all-time home run record and has over 500 steals.

However, my GOAT is Babe Ruth.  He distanced himself from his peers in a way that will probably never be repeated.  After having a hall of fame pitching career, he transitioned to the outfield where he became a Yankees legend.  Despite having retired 86 years ago, his story is still told to kids today.  When 9-year-old me visited Cooperstown, I bought his jersey. I grew up reading books about the called shot.  I say this even though I hate the Yankees!

In 1920 he hit 54 home runs, and nobody else hit twenty.  Twice he hit more homers than any other team!  The advanced stats back up his legend.  For a cherry on top, he won 7 world series titles, kicking off arguably the greatest dynasty in sports history.

Like position players in football, pitchers really should have their own separate category.  Here I give it to Roger Clemens, huge steroid caveats aside.  Mariano Rivera is the man for closers.

Golf

GOAT:  Tiger Woods

Runner-up:  Jack Nicklaus

Honorable Mentions:  None

In the hunt:  None, Tiger Woods securing his place

This was as hard as basketball, and it probably deserves a similar level of analysis though I don’t know the game nearly as well.  Like hoops, it’s a tossup between two amazing players with a generational divide.

Jack had the longevity and beats Tiger in tournament and major wins.  It’s unlikely anyone will beat his 18 major wins anytime soon unless Tiger makes a huge comeback.  Tiger had a shorter run at the top, but the distance between him and anyone else in the game was truly absurd.  From 1999 to 2002, he won seven of eleven majors, and he won four of eight from 2005 to 2006.  He won a major tournament by 12 strokes once and has a grand slam (winning four consecutive majors) on his resume.  Despite being long out of his prime, he is still the face of golf today.

My answer here is the opposite of what it was in basketball.  I think Tiger’s peak was just too high to not give him the nod, his “area under the curve” would be greater.  I won’t hate it if you go with Jack though, comment with your analysis!

Men’s Tennis

GOAT:  Rafael Nadal

Runner-up:  Roger Federer

Honorable Mentions:  John McEnroe, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick

In the hunt:  Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick

Tennis is a real treat.  There is not a clear-cut answer and most of the GOAT contenders are still playing!  In fact, they face off with each other frequently.  The Federer-Nadal rivalry is one of the best in sports history.  Federer has a big advantage on grass and Nadal on clay.  Both have 20 major titles.

Federer is widely considered the best “all-court” tennis player of all time.  But Nadal actually has a huge advantage in their head-to-head finals and semifinals matchups, and I give him the edge for that.  It’s a bit nuanced because Nadal is younger and got some of his wins as Federer exited his prime.  All that said, Nadal will soon be the GOAT if he isn’t already.  Novak Djokovic may be the best honorable mention on my list in any sport.

Women’s Tennis

GOAT:  Serna Williams

Runner-up:  Margret Court

Honorable Mentions:  Steffi Graff, Billie Jean King

In the hunt:  None, Serena Williams securing her spot more

I was prepared to list Serena Williams and no one else, but this shows my generational bias and ignorance. 

Margret court has one more major, though 11 of them came from the Australian open at a time when many of the best players skipped that tournament.  Nevertheless, this gives her standing with the old-timers.  Steffi Graff has a legit place in many people’s minds as well.  To me, Serena gets the crown over Steffi for dominating at the same level over a longer career, and for illustrious doubles success on top of everything else.

Boxing

GOAT:  Muhammad Ali

Runner-up:  Floyd Mayweather

Honorable Mentions:  George Foreman, Manny Pacquiao, Carlos Monzon, Sugar Ray Robinson

Unlike any other athlete on this lists Ali’s greatness is elevated by his social and cultural significance.  Ali’s wife is actually responsible for coining the term GOAT when she formed G.O.A.T., Inc. in the 90s to consolidate his intellectual property.  His story is enough for me.

I’m wayyy out of my depth now, and real boxing fans would dispute this, but uneducated conviction is what makes being a sports fan amazing!

Hockey

GOAT: Sidney Crosby

Runner-up:  Mario Lemieux

Honorable Mentions:  Evgeni Maulkin

For their contributions to the greatest sports city in the history of the world.  Haha jk I don’t know very much about hockey, and at some point I need to refrain from having an opinion.  Most of my friends who are hockey fans would say the GOAT is Wayne Gretzky.  Agree to disagree.

I’m also going to plead ignorance in soccer, MMA, the remaining Olympic sports, and many other amazing games.  Though I’d at least want to nod to Usain Bolt and Michael Phelps as being obvious picks in their respective sports.  What sports did I miss?  Who is the greatest athlete of all time?

APPENDIX B:  MY NOTES

• Greatness and greatest are so fun because of the combination of ambiguity and apparent obviousness.  I think there’s probably an interesting follow-up article to be written on other English words like that.  Life, love, liberty, and happiness come to mind, though I’m sure there are others.
  • The American founders commented on this aspect of three of those words in the Declaration of Independence saying: “We hold these truths to be self-evident.”  There might be something to looking at how these words allow us to explore weird “truths”. 
  • There’s probably a thread here with spirituality and religion too.
  • I have a train of thought where I see this as Western Culture really valuing and benefiting from discrete, binary thinking but struggling to apply that framework to continuous problems.  I definitely need to think more on that though.
• I joke around about how silly this is, and sheesh it is. But I also did my best to not snub anyone from the lists in the article or appendix A. We can fight about the one and only GOAT, but I hope I didn’t keep anyone off the honorable mentions lists.  Let me know if I did!
  • While editing this I realized I mention Steph Curry a lot.  He is for sure my favorite athlete and was a big inspiration to me growing up as a short basketball player.  I’m not making any claim he belongs in the GOAT conversation though.  His resume is just not there, and he’s a question mark on defense.  He is without a doubt the greatest shooter of all time though, the GSOAT?
  • I didn’t cover any “greatest coach of all time” discussions, though that might be fun at some point!
  • There’s also a fun tangent to find the greatest “pound for pound” or small players in each sport (i.e. Steph Curry and Allen Iverson).
• If you’re a hoops fan, you absolutely must watch the 30 for 30 on the Bad Boy Pistons.  Their story and the tale of Jordan’s bulls overcoming them is so awesome.  It was part of my inspiration for this piece.
• I fully realized the extent to which generational biases impact me when I went to pick my own GOATs.  I do think that there probably are more GOATs in recent generations.  Records are meant to be broken.  Once you retire there isn’t much you can do to improve your case anymore, but active players will always be chasing you down.
• Lebron and Jordan’s graphs were generated on the spreadsheet here!
• While in this article I concede to greatness where I see it, it does not represent any endorsement of the Yankees, Red Sox, or Patriots.  Boo those teams!

APPENDIX C:  NOT SPORTS GOATS

Greatest Movie of All Time	Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith
Greatest Book of all Time	Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
Greatest Dish of All Time	Chicken and Waffles
Greatest Beer of All Time	Miller Lite
Greatest President of All Time	Lincoln
Greatest Speech of All Time	Citizens of a Republic by Teddy Roosevelt
Greatest City of All Time	Pittsburgh
Greatest Dog of All Time	Tie between Roco and Oscar Noble